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Physics calculators
Explore motion, forces, energy and the relationships behind them.
Motion & kinematics
Explore speeds, accelerations and ideal trajectories.
Explore topic ↗27 calculatorsForce, energy & machines
Connect forces with momentum, work and mechanical energy.
Explore topic ↗18 calculatorsFluids & flow
Calculate pressure, density, buoyancy and flow quantities.
Explore topic ↗13 calculatorsHeat & thermal change
Estimate heating energy, phase-change energy and expansion.
Explore topic ↗4 calculatorsWaves & oscillation
Relate frequency, period, wavelength and ideal oscillators.
Explore topic ↗10 calculatorsOptics & quantum relationships
Explore refraction, ideal lenses, photons and simple wave relationships.
Explore topic ↗All physics calculators
Speed Calculator
Find average speed from total distance and elapsed time.
Acceleration Calculator
Find constant average acceleration from a change in velocity.
Force Calculator
Calculate net force using mass and acceleration.
Kinetic Energy Calculator
Find translational kinetic energy from mass and speed.
Potential Energy Calculator
Estimate gravitational potential energy relative to a reference height.
Momentum Calculator
Calculate linear momentum from mass and velocity.
Work Calculator
Find work done by a constant force along a displacement.
Mechanical Power Calculator
Calculate average power from work and elapsed time.
Pressure Calculator
Find uniform pressure from perpendicular force and contact area.
Density Calculator
Calculate average material density from mass and volume.
Frequency Calculator
Find frequency from the period of one repeating cycle.
Wave Speed Calculator
Calculate wave speed from frequency and wavelength.
Torque Calculator
Find torque magnitude for a force at an angle to a lever arm.
Free Fall Time Calculator
Estimate fall time from rest under constant gravity without air resistance.
Spring Force Calculator
Calculate force magnitude for an ideal spring under Hooke’s law.
Heat Energy Calculator
Estimate thermal energy for a temperature change without a phase change.
Constant Acceleration Distance Calculator
Find displacement from initial velocity, time and constant acceleration.
Final Velocity Calculator
Calculate velocity after a period of constant acceleration.
Stopping Distance Calculator
Find ideal braking distance from speed and a constant deceleration magnitude.
Reaction Distance Calculator
Find distance travelled at constant speed during a reaction delay.
Projectile Range Calculator
Find horizontal range for a projectile landing at its launch height without drag.
Projectile Maximum Height Calculator
Estimate rise above launch height in ideal projectile motion.
Centripetal Acceleration Calculator
Calculate inward acceleration for uniform circular motion.
Centripetal Force Calculator
Find net inward force needed for uniform circular motion.
Angular Velocity Calculator
Convert rotations per minute into angular velocity.
Tangential Speed Calculator
Find linear speed at a radius on a rotating object.
Impulse Calculator
Calculate impulse from a constant net force over a time interval.
Friction Force Calculator
Estimate sliding friction magnitude using coefficient and normal force.
Spring Energy Calculator
Find elastic energy stored in a linear spring.
Mechanical Efficiency Calculator
Compare useful output energy with input energy.
Hydrostatic Pressure Calculator
Find gauge pressure caused by a liquid column.
Buoyant Force Calculator
Find buoyancy from displaced fluid volume and density.
Volumetric Flow Rate Calculator
Calculate volumetric flow from cross-sectional area and average velocity.
Mass Flow Rate Calculator
Calculate mass flow from fluid density and volumetric flow.
Reynolds Number Calculator
Calculate the dimensionless Reynolds number for a chosen characteristic length.
Thermal Expansion Calculator
Estimate length change using a constant linear expansion coefficient.
Heat Conduction Calculator
Find steady heat-transfer power through a uniform flat layer.
Latent Heat Calculator
Calculate energy for a phase change at constant temperature.
Pendulum Period Calculator
Estimate the period of a simple pendulum for small oscillations.
Spring Oscillation Period Calculator
Estimate oscillation period for an ideal mass on a linear spring.
Mechanical Advantage Calculator
Compare output force with input force for a simple machine.
Average Velocity Calculator
Find average velocity along a chosen coordinate direction.
Velocity From Distance and Acceleration Calculator
Use the time-independent kinematic relationship to find a final speed magnitude.
Projectile Flight Time Calculator
Find ideal total flight time for a projectile returning to launch height.
Horizontal Projectile Time Calculator
Find time to fall for a projectile launched horizontally from a height.
Horizontal Projectile Range Calculator
Find horizontal travel before an ideal horizontally launched object reaches the ground.
Relative Speed Calculator
Find relative speed between two objects moving along the same line.
Catch Up Time Calculator
Find when a faster pursuer reaches a slower object ahead.
Meeting Time Calculator
Find time for two approaching objects to meet.
Rotational Period Calculator
Find time per full rotation from a rotational speed.
Angular Acceleration Calculator
Find angular acceleration from a change in angular velocity.
Weight Force Calculator
Calculate gravitational weight from mass and a selected gravitational acceleration.
Normal Force on Incline Calculator
Find the perpendicular contact force for an object resting on an ideal incline.
Incline Gravity Component Calculator
Resolve gravitational force parallel to an inclined surface.
Static Friction Limit Calculator
Estimate the maximum static friction magnitude before sliding under a simple contact model.
Impulse From Momentum Calculator
Find impulse from a change in linear momentum.
Collision Common Velocity Calculator
Find shared velocity after two masses stick together in an ideal collision.
Coefficient of Restitution Calculator
Compare relative separation and approach speeds in a one-dimensional collision.
Rotational Kinetic Energy Calculator
Find kinetic energy stored in rigid-body rotation.
Solid Disc Moment of Inertia Calculator
Find the central-axis moment of inertia of a uniform solid disc.
Thin Ring Moment of Inertia Calculator
Find the moment of inertia of an ideal thin ring.
Solid Sphere Moment of Inertia Calculator
Find rotational inertia of a uniform solid sphere about its centre.
Parallel Axis Theorem Calculator
Translate moment of inertia to a parallel offset axis.
Angular Momentum Calculator
Calculate scalar angular momentum for a rigid rotor.
Rotational Power Calculator
Find shaft mechanical power from torque and angular velocity.
Hydraulic Force Calculator
Find ideal actuator force from differential pressure and effective piston area.
Hydraulic Press Output Calculator
Estimate force multiplication in an ideal hydraulic press.
Pipe Flow Velocity Calculator
Convert pipe volume flow into average velocity.
Continuity Equation Calculator
Find flow speed after a cross-sectional area change under continuity.
Dynamic Pressure Calculator
Calculate dynamic pressure from fluid density and speed.
Bernoulli Pressure Difference Calculator
Estimate static-pressure change due to a speed change in ideal horizontal flow.
Darcy Weisbach Head Loss Calculator
Estimate straight-pipe friction head loss from an entered Darcy factor.
Minor Loss Head Calculator
Estimate fitting or local head loss from a supplied loss coefficient.
Hydraulic Pump Power Calculator
Estimate input power for a fluid flow and head scenario.
Torricelli Efflux Speed Calculator
Find ideal liquid outlet speed under a chosen hydrostatic head.
Capillary Rise Calculator
Estimate capillary rise or depression in a small circular tube.
Thermal Resistance Flat Layer Calculator
Find thermal resistance of an ideal uniform planar layer.
Heat Pump COP Calculator
Compare delivered heating energy with electrical input for a measured interval.
Carnot Efficiency Calculator
Find the Carnot thermal-efficiency limit from absolute reservoir temperatures.
Ideal Gas Isothermal Work Calculator
Estimate reversible work during an isothermal ideal-gas volume change.
Ideal Gas Internal Energy Change Calculator
Calculate ideal-gas internal-energy change using an entered heat capacity.
First Law Heat Calculator
Apply the first law of thermodynamics with an explicit work-sign convention.
Thermal Energy Mixing Temperature Calculator
Estimate equilibrium temperature after mixing two quantities of the same substance.
Stefan Boltzmann Radiation Calculator
Estimate net radiative heat transfer with a stated emissivity.
Wien Peak Wavelength Calculator
Find the peak wavelength of an ideal blackbody spectrum.
Snells Law Calculator
Find the refracted ray angle at a boundary between optical media.
Critical Angle Calculator
Find the incidence angle at which ideal total internal reflection begins.
Thin Lens Image Distance Calculator
Find ideal image distance for a thin lens and a real object.
Lens Magnification Calculator
Find signed lateral magnification from object and image distances.
Lens Power Calculator
Convert a lens focal length in metres into optical power.
Refractive Index From Speed Calculator
Find optical refractive index from an entered light phase speed.
Photon Energy Calculator
Calculate the energy of a photon from its vacuum wavelength.
Photon Frequency Calculator
Convert a vacuum light wavelength into electromagnetic frequency.
De Broglie Wavelength Calculator
Find the matter-wave wavelength corresponding to a momentum magnitude.
Young Double Slit Fringe Calculator
Estimate ideal double-slit fringe spacing on a distant screen.
Make your inputs count
Choose a consistent reference direction and work in the units shown. These relationships describe idealised situations under the stated assumptions. A negative result can indicate a direction or a decrease rather than a calculation error.